Michael,
I have to say I DID enjoy the footage, especially the two vessels going across the horizon added a unique quality to the shot. There will be a dozen other opinions and suggestions and most of them will be good for one aspect or another. For THIS sequence I would simply use whatever settings my post editing software provides to bring down the brightness just a wee bit. While it is bright, I didn't find it to be out of acceptable range personally. I understand what you're saying though, and to get a crisper less blown out shot of the sun itself is going to take some extra patience and effort.
So, in post, simply bring down the brightness, and nudge the contrast ... some programs have an exposure adjustment that can do a better job without the heavy application that brightness and contrast can generate ... a more subtle change/adjustment, but a light hand on the brightness/contrast can work.
Shooting: Obviously if the wind was causing camera movement you need to rent or borrow a heavier tripod, especially if you're going to attempt to increase or decrease your iris setting during the shoot, or attempt to dial in, or slide over the lens an ND filter that will help reduce the light as the sun peaks out.
I assume your camera likely doesn't have a two- or three-point adjustment for ND? On the other hand, if you preset your exposure to handle the brighter aspect of the sun actually coming out, then your beginning footage will be fairly dark by comparison ... where do you want to make the tradeoff? That would be the question for a simply sunrise/sunset shot.
I did something crazy once, using two identical models (because I had them, a pair of XL1 Canon) side-by-side on heavy tripods, framed as close to identical as possible but with one having optimum setting for the start of the shot, and the other my best guess at an optimum setting for the ending shot. I blended the two and it came out reasonably well, although a true shooter/editor would see where the first/second sequence joined. I looked around to find that footage but you cannot imagine the pile of tape I'd have to go through. If I ever am able to come across it, I'll share and show with a new post or resurrect this one.
The speed seemed a tad fast to me, but you could probably cut the lead part. I've been inspired by you to go out and attempt some new stuff with sunrise and sunset, trying to pick up pelicans flying in formation, and vessels on the water, that was really a unique touch, I thought.