Microphone Mania (page 2)

And He's so Sensitive

Not only are there several different microphone types, but the method in which they convert sound waves into an electric signal also varies. Some have elements that are more sensitive than others. Let's look at the most common.

Dynamic. This is the simplest and most durable of the microphone elements. It works like a speaker in reverse. Sound waves drive the diaphragm, which in turn moves a coil in a magnetic field and presto: an electric signal is born. These tend to generate the weakest signal and their frequency response is not as good as others, but if you want dependable, this is it.

Condenser and electret-condenser. Most modern microphones use some form of condenser. Unlike the dynamic microphone, this one needs a power supply, usually from a battery or, in more expensive models, directly through the microphone cable. Audio mixers and some other pro-level audio equipment have a "phantom power" feature that is compatible with these microphones. Many use balanced cables, feature very low noise circuitry, are available at reasonable cost and have an excellent flat frequency response.

Ribbon. High-quality studio microphones often use a thin metal ribbon to generate a signal. They sound great, but are delicate and therefore limited to studio work only. Drop one and you'll need to sell your Hyundai to get another.

Great Video with a Microphone

With all this focus on selecting the right microphone with the right pick-up pattern and element, don't forget that the best way to ensure any microphone will sound its best is to always use headphones to monitor your audio. Combine this habit with using your thoughtfully selected external microphone and you'll be getting the best compliment anyone focusing on audio can get: "Great video!"

Brian Peterson is a Communications Director with the American Lung Association and has more than 14 years of broadcast video production experience.

Sidebar: Cutting the Cord

A good wireless microphone is practically a must for recording weddings and special events where your subjects are at a distance. Of course, the big advantage is: no cords! Disadvantages include always having to have fresh batteries either installed or at the ready or, better still, installed and another set at the ready. Some cheap and older models have problems with dropout and interference from surrounding radio frequencies. However, many newer designs incorporate "true diversity" that will keep the UPS man from cutting in between the "I do"s.

Better models allow you to select from several frequencies if you find a problem on a particular channel. Be sure to consider how far away from your subjects you will be and get one with enough range.